TY - JOUR
T1 - Antibody dependent disease enhancement (ADE) after COVID-19 vaccination and beta glucans as a safer strategy in management
AU - Ikewaki, Nobunao
AU - Kurosawa, Gene
AU - Levy, Gary A.
AU - Preethy, Senthilkumar
AU - Abraham, Samuel J.K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/4/6
Y1 - 2023/4/6
N2 - A potential risk associated with vaccines for COVID-19 is antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE) in which vaccine induced antibody mediated immune responses may lead to enhanced SARS CoV- 2 acquisition or increased disease severity. Though ADE has not been clinically demonstrated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines so far, when neutralizing antibodies are suboptimal, the severity of COVID-19 has been reported to be greater. ADE is presumed to occur via abnormal macrophages induced by the vaccine based immune response by antibody-mediated virus uptake into Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) or by the formation of Fc-mediated excessive antibody effector functions. Beta-glucans which are naturally occurring polysaccharides known for unique immunomodulation by capability to interact with macrophages, eliciting a specific beneficial immune-response and enhancing all arms of the immune system, importantly without over-activation are suggested as safer nutritional supplement-based vaccine adjuvants for COVID-19.
AB - A potential risk associated with vaccines for COVID-19 is antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE) in which vaccine induced antibody mediated immune responses may lead to enhanced SARS CoV- 2 acquisition or increased disease severity. Though ADE has not been clinically demonstrated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines so far, when neutralizing antibodies are suboptimal, the severity of COVID-19 has been reported to be greater. ADE is presumed to occur via abnormal macrophages induced by the vaccine based immune response by antibody-mediated virus uptake into Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) or by the formation of Fc-mediated excessive antibody effector functions. Beta-glucans which are naturally occurring polysaccharides known for unique immunomodulation by capability to interact with macrophages, eliciting a specific beneficial immune-response and enhancing all arms of the immune system, importantly without over-activation are suggested as safer nutritional supplement-based vaccine adjuvants for COVID-19.
KW - Antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE)
KW - Beta-glucan
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV2
KW - Vaccine
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85150043659
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85150043659#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.005
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.005
M3 - Comment/debate
C2 - 36906407
AN - SCOPUS:85150043659
SN - 0264-410X
VL - 41
SP - 2427
EP - 2429
JO - Vaccine
JF - Vaccine
IS - 15
ER -
