Associations of protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes with insomnia symptoms among middle-aged Japanese workers

Eizaburo Tanaka, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Mayu Uemura, Chiyoe Murata, Rei Otsuka, Hideaki Toyoshima, Koji Tamakoshi, Satoshi Sasaki, Leo Kawaguchi, Atsuko Aoyama

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

83 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Diet is a modifiable factor that may affect sleep, but the associations of macronutrient intakes with insomnia are inconsistent. We investigated the associations of protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes with insomnia symptoms. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of 4435 non-shift workers, macronutrient intakes were assessed by the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, which requires the recall of usual intakes of 58 foods during the preceding month. Presence of insomnia symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), and poor quality of sleep (PQS) were self-reported. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs adjusted for demographic, psychological, and behavioral factors, as well as medical histories. Results: Low protein intake (<16% vs ≥16% of total energy) was associated with DIS (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99-1.56) and PQS (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48), while high protein intake (≥19% vs <19% of total energy) was associated with DMS (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.76). Low carbohydrate intake (<50% vs ≥50% of total energy) was associated with DMS (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.97-1.45). Conclusions: Protein and carbohydrate intakes in the daily diet were associated with insomnia symptoms. The causality of these associations remains to be explained.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)132-138
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of epidemiology
Volume23
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2013

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Epidemiology

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