TY - JOUR
T1 - Daytime light exposure in daily life and depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder
T2 - A cross-sectional analysis in the APPLE cohort
AU - Esaki, Yuichi
AU - Kitajima, Tsuyoshi
AU - Obayashi, Kenji
AU - Saeki, Keigo
AU - Fujita, Kiyoshi
AU - Iwata, Nakao
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to the patients who participated in this study. We also thank Soji Tsuboi and Miyuki Yamamoto for their valuable support during this research. This study was supported by Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology ( 18K15529 ), Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health , and The Neuroscience Research Center .
Funding Information:
The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this research. Dr. Kitajima has received speaker’s honoraria from Eisai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Otsuka, Takeda, Eli Lilly, MSD, Meiji, Yoshitomi, Fukuda, Dainippon Sumitomo, Shionogi, and Novo Nordisk, and has received a research grant from Eisai, MSD and Takeda. Dr. Obayashi and Dr. Saeki has received a research grant from YKK AP Inc.; Ushio Inc.; Tokyo Electric Power Company; EnviroLife Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd; LIXIL Corp.; and KYOCERA Corp. Dr. Fujita has received speaker’s honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Yoshitomi, Otsuka, Meiji, Shionogi, Novartis, and Kracie. Dr Iwata has received speaker’s honoraria from Astellas, Dainippon Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Yoshitomi, Otsuka, Meiji, Shionogi, Novartis, and Pfizer and has had research grants from GlaxoSmithKline, Meiji, Otsuka, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Dainippon Sumitomo, Daiichisankyo, and Eisai.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - Objectives: Controlled artificial daylight exposure, such as light therapy, is effective in bipolar depression, but the association between uncontrolled daytime light and depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder (BD) is unclear. This study investigated the association between daytime light exposure under real-life situations and depressive symptom in patients with BD. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 181 outpatients with BD. The average daytime light intensity and the total duration of light intensity of ≥1000 lux were recorded over 7 consecutive days using an actigraph that measured ambient light. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and scores of ≥8 points were treated as depressed state. Results: Ninety-seven (53.6%) subjects were depressed state. At higher average daytime light intensity tertiles, the proportion of depressed state was significantly lower (P for trend, 0.003). In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, employment status, age at onset of BD, Young Mania Rating Scale score, bedtime, and physical activity, the highest tertile group in average daytime light intensity suggested a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for depressed state than the lowest tertile group (OR, 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.75; P = 0.009). Similarly, the longest tertile group in light intensity ≥1000 lux duration was significantly associated with lower OR for depressed state than lowest tertile group (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18–0.93; P = 0.033). Conclusions: The findings suggest that greater daytime light exposure in daily life is associated with decreased depressive symptoms in BD.
AB - Objectives: Controlled artificial daylight exposure, such as light therapy, is effective in bipolar depression, but the association between uncontrolled daytime light and depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder (BD) is unclear. This study investigated the association between daytime light exposure under real-life situations and depressive symptom in patients with BD. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 181 outpatients with BD. The average daytime light intensity and the total duration of light intensity of ≥1000 lux were recorded over 7 consecutive days using an actigraph that measured ambient light. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and scores of ≥8 points were treated as depressed state. Results: Ninety-seven (53.6%) subjects were depressed state. At higher average daytime light intensity tertiles, the proportion of depressed state was significantly lower (P for trend, 0.003). In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, employment status, age at onset of BD, Young Mania Rating Scale score, bedtime, and physical activity, the highest tertile group in average daytime light intensity suggested a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for depressed state than the lowest tertile group (OR, 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.75; P = 0.009). Similarly, the longest tertile group in light intensity ≥1000 lux duration was significantly associated with lower OR for depressed state than lowest tertile group (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18–0.93; P = 0.033). Conclusions: The findings suggest that greater daytime light exposure in daily life is associated with decreased depressive symptoms in BD.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85067627155&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85067627155&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.010
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 31247358
AN - SCOPUS:85067627155
VL - 116
SP - 151
EP - 156
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
SN - 0022-3956
ER -