TY - JOUR
T1 - Detailed Anatomy of Bridging Veins Around the Foramen Magnum
T2 - a Multicenter Study Using Three-dimensional Angiography
AU - Hiramatsu, Masafumi
AU - Ozaki, Tomohiko
AU - Tanoue, Shuichi
AU - Mizutani, Katsuhiro
AU - Nakamura, Hajime
AU - Tokuyama, Kohei
AU - Sakata, Hiroyuki
AU - Matsumaru, Yuji
AU - Nakahara, Ichiro
AU - Niimi, Yasunari
AU - Fujinaka, Toshiyuki
AU - Kiyosue, Hiro
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023.
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - Background and Purpose: There has been limited literature regarding the bridging veins (BVs) of the medulla oblongata around the foramen magnum (FM). The present study aims to analyze the normal angioarchitecture of the BVs around the FM using slab MIP images of three-dimensional (3D) angiography. Methods: We collected 3D angiography data of posterior fossa veins and analyzed the BVs around the FM using slab MIP images. We analyzed the course, outlet, and number of BVs around the FM. We also examined the detection rate and mean diameter of each BV. Results: Of 57 patients, 55 patients (96%) had any BV. The median number of BVs was two (range: 0–5). The BVs originate from the perimedullary veins and run anterolaterally to join the anterior condylar vein (ACV), inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, or jugular bulb, inferolaterally to join the suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS), laterally or posterolaterally to join the marginal sinus (MS), and posteriorly to join the MS or occipital sinus. We classified BVs into five subtypes according to the draining location: ACV, jugular foramen (JF), MS, SCS, and cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC). ACV, JF, MS, SCS, and CMC BVs were detected in 11 (19%), 18 (32%), 32 (56%), 20 (35%), and 16 (28%) patients, respectively. The mean diameter of the BVs other than CMC was 0.6 mm, and that of CMC BV was 0.8 mm. Conclusion: Using venous data from 3D angiography, we detected FM BVs in most cases, and the BVs were connected in various directions.
AB - Background and Purpose: There has been limited literature regarding the bridging veins (BVs) of the medulla oblongata around the foramen magnum (FM). The present study aims to analyze the normal angioarchitecture of the BVs around the FM using slab MIP images of three-dimensional (3D) angiography. Methods: We collected 3D angiography data of posterior fossa veins and analyzed the BVs around the FM using slab MIP images. We analyzed the course, outlet, and number of BVs around the FM. We also examined the detection rate and mean diameter of each BV. Results: Of 57 patients, 55 patients (96%) had any BV. The median number of BVs was two (range: 0–5). The BVs originate from the perimedullary veins and run anterolaterally to join the anterior condylar vein (ACV), inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, or jugular bulb, inferolaterally to join the suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS), laterally or posterolaterally to join the marginal sinus (MS), and posteriorly to join the MS or occipital sinus. We classified BVs into five subtypes according to the draining location: ACV, jugular foramen (JF), MS, SCS, and cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC). ACV, JF, MS, SCS, and CMC BVs were detected in 11 (19%), 18 (32%), 32 (56%), 20 (35%), and 16 (28%) patients, respectively. The mean diameter of the BVs other than CMC was 0.6 mm, and that of CMC BV was 0.8 mm. Conclusion: Using venous data from 3D angiography, we detected FM BVs in most cases, and the BVs were connected in various directions.
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U2 - 10.1007/s00062-023-01327-6
DO - 10.1007/s00062-023-01327-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 37552244
AN - SCOPUS:85167327947
SN - 1869-1439
VL - 34
SP - 67
EP - 74
JO - Clinical Neuroradiology
JF - Clinical Neuroradiology
IS - 1
ER -