@article{45c0491bdea04ae4a53ca65c6ec95418,
title = "Development of supermirror hard X-ray telescope and the results of the first InFOCuS flight observation",
abstract = "The development of hard X-ray focusing optics is widely recognized as one of key technologies for future X-ray observatory missions such as NeXT(Japan), Constellation-X(US) and possibly XEUS(Europe). We have developed hard X-ray telescope employing depth-graded multilayers, so-called supermirrors. Its benefit is to reflect hard X-rays by Bragg reflection at incidence angles larger than the critical angle of total external reflection. InFOCμS is an international balloon-borne hard X-ray observation experiment initiated by NASA/GSFC. InFOCμS hard X-ray telescope has been jointly developed by Nagoya University and GSFC. The telescope is conical approximation of Wolter-I optics with 8 m focal length and 40 cm diameter. It consists of 255 nested ultra-thin reflector pairs with incidence angles of 0.10 to 0.36 deg. Reflectors are coated with Pt/C supermirrors with periodic length of 2.9 to 13 nm and bi-layer number of 25 to 65, depending on incidence angles. The effective area and imaging quality are expected as 100 cm2 at 30 keV and 2 arcmin in Half Power Diameter, respectively. The InFOCμS experiment was launched on July 5, 2001, from National Scientific Balloon Facility in Texas, USA. We successfully observed Cyg X-1, chosen for a calibration target, in 20-40 keV energy band. We are planning to carry out next flight for scientific observations as soon as additional telescopes, detectors, and upgraded gondola system are implemented.",
author = "Yasushi Ogasaka and Keisuke Tamura and Takashi Okajima and Yuzuru Tawara and Koujun Yamashita and Akihiro Furuzawa and Kazutoshi Haga and Satoshi Ichimaru and Seiji Takahashi and Shin'ichi Fukuda and Hideo Kito and Arifumi Goto and Seima Kato and Hiroyuki Satake and Kentaro Nomoto and Noriyuki Hamada and Serlemitsos, {Peter J.} and Jack Tueller and Yang Soong and Chan, {Kai Win} and Owens, {Scott M.} and Berendse, {Fred B.} and Krimm, {Hans A.} and Wayne Baumgartner and Barthelmy, {Scott D.} and Hideyo Kunieda and Kazutami Misaki and Ryo Shibata and Hideyuki Mori and Kei Itoh and Yoshiharu Namba",
year = "2002",
doi = "10.1117/12.461531",
language = "English",
volume = "4851",
pages = "619--630",
journal = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
issn = "0277-786X",
publisher = "SPIE",
number = "1",
note = "X-ray and Gamma-Ray telescopes and Instruments for Astronomy ; Conference date: 24-08-2002 Through 28-08-2002",
}