Dupilumab-Induced Remission in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Comorbid Asthma: A 24-Month Study

Background: When considering the effects of dupilumab on severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), dupilumab is expected to achieve CRSwNPs remission. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of remission of CRSwNPs with comorbid asthma and its predictors on a 24-month course of dupilumab. Methods: Adult patients with severe CRSwNPs and comorbid asthma who had completed a 24-month course of dupilumab were included in this post hoc analysis. The primary outcome was the rate of CRSwNPs remission at 12 and 24 months of dupilumab. The secondary outcome was to identify factors associated with CRSwNPs remission at 12 and 24 months. Based on the European criteria and a previous definition, remission was defined as the absence of symptoms, improved quality of life, no need for surgery, no exacerbations, recovery of olfactory function, and inactive disease by nasal endoscopy for ≥12 months. A rigorous six-component remission, including olfactory testing, was initially used. Results: Of 16 patients, 4 (25%) and 5 (31%) achieved six-component remission of CRSwNPs at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Patients with shorter disease duration and better olfactory function at baseline achieved six-component remission of CRSwNPs more frequently than those without at 24 months (both p < 0.05). Conclusions: Remission of severe CRSwNPs with comorbid asthma is attainable with a 24-month course of dupilumab.