TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy management by enhanced glycolysis in G1-phase in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
AU - Bao, Yan
AU - Mukai, Kuniaki
AU - Hishiki, Takako
AU - Kubo, Akiko
AU - Ohmura, Mitsuyo
AU - Sugiura, Yuki
AU - Matsuura, Tomomi
AU - Nagahata, Yoshiko
AU - Hayakawa, Noriyo
AU - Yamamoto, Takehiro
AU - Fukuda, Ryo
AU - Saya, Hideyuki
AU - Suematsu, Makoto
AU - Minamishima, Yoji Andrew
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - Activation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is well known as theWarburg effect, although its relation to cellcycle progression remains unknown. In this study, human colon cancer cells were labeled with a cell-cycle phasedependent fluorescent marker Fucci to distinguish cells in G1-phase and those in S+G2/M phases. Fucci-labeled cells served as splenic xenograft transplants in super-immunodeficient NOG mice and exhibited multiple metastases in the livers, frozen sections of which were analyzed by semiquantitative microscopic imaging mass spectrometry. Results showed that cells in G1-phase exhibited higher concentrations of ATP, NADH, and UDPN- acetylglucosamine than those in S andG2-Mphases, suggesting accelerated glycolysis inG1-phase cells in vivo. Quantitative determination of metabolites in cells synchronized in S, G2-M, and G1 phases suggested that efflux of lactate was elevated significantly in G1-phase. By contrast, ATP production in G2-Mwas highly dependent on mitochondrial respiration, whereas cells in S-phase mostly exhibited an intermediary energy metabolism between G1 and G2-Mphases. Isogenic cells carrying a p53-null mutation appeared more active in glycolysis throughout the cell cycle than wild-type cells. Thus, as the cell cycle progressed from G2-M toG1 phases, the dependency of energy production on glycolysis was increased while the mitochondrial energy production was reciprocally decreased. Implications: These results shed light on distinct features of the phase-specific phenotypes of metabolic systems in cancer cells.
AB - Activation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is well known as theWarburg effect, although its relation to cellcycle progression remains unknown. In this study, human colon cancer cells were labeled with a cell-cycle phasedependent fluorescent marker Fucci to distinguish cells in G1-phase and those in S+G2/M phases. Fucci-labeled cells served as splenic xenograft transplants in super-immunodeficient NOG mice and exhibited multiple metastases in the livers, frozen sections of which were analyzed by semiquantitative microscopic imaging mass spectrometry. Results showed that cells in G1-phase exhibited higher concentrations of ATP, NADH, and UDPN- acetylglucosamine than those in S andG2-Mphases, suggesting accelerated glycolysis inG1-phase cells in vivo. Quantitative determination of metabolites in cells synchronized in S, G2-M, and G1 phases suggested that efflux of lactate was elevated significantly in G1-phase. By contrast, ATP production in G2-Mwas highly dependent on mitochondrial respiration, whereas cells in S-phase mostly exhibited an intermediary energy metabolism between G1 and G2-Mphases. Isogenic cells carrying a p53-null mutation appeared more active in glycolysis throughout the cell cycle than wild-type cells. Thus, as the cell cycle progressed from G2-M toG1 phases, the dependency of energy production on glycolysis was increased while the mitochondrial energy production was reciprocally decreased. Implications: These results shed light on distinct features of the phase-specific phenotypes of metabolic systems in cancer cells.
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U2 - 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-12-0669-T
DO - 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-12-0669-T
M3 - Article
C2 - 23741060
AN - SCOPUS:84884470533
SN - 1541-7786
VL - 11
SP - 973
EP - 985
JO - Molecular Cancer Research
JF - Molecular Cancer Research
IS - 9
ER -