Gastric-and-intestinal mixed-type intestinal metaplasia: Aberrant expression of transcription factors and stem cell intestinalization

Tetsuya Tsukamoto, Tsutomu Mizoshita, Masae Tatematsu

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

53 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori plays a causative role in the development of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and stomach cancer. Although IM has long attracted attention as a putative preneoplastic lesion for stomach cancers, its clinicopathologic significance has yet to be clarified in detail. Using gastric and intestinal epithelial cell markers, IM was here divided into two major types: a gastric-and-intestinal (GI) mixed type and a solely intestinal (I) type. In the former, gastric and intestinal phenotypic markers appeared not only at the glandular but also at the cellular level. Furthermore, neuroendocrine cells also showed intestinalization along with their exocrine counterparts. In animal models, GI-type IM was found to appear first, followed by the solely I type. Summarizing these data, it was suggested that IM might be caused by the gradual intestinalization of stem cells from the GI to the I type. The molecular mechanisms of IM include the ectopic expression of CDX1, CDX2, OCT-1, and members of the Erk pathway. Suppression of the expression of gastric transcription factors such as SOX2, genes that are involved in the Sonic hedgehog pathway, and RUNX3, a tumor suppressor gene, could be additional relevant alterations. The expression of PDX1 may also be associated with pseudopyloric gland metaplasia and IM. Detailed analysis of gene regulation may shed light on the molecular bases of gastric lesions, leading to strategies for chemoprevention.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)156-166
Number of pages11
JournalGastric Cancer
Volume9
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 08-2006
Externally publishedYes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cancer Research

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