TY - JOUR
T1 - Generation of magnifying endoscopic images of gastric neoplasms based on an all-in-focus algorithm
AU - Matsui, Kenichi
AU - Funasaka, Kohei
AU - Miyahara, Ryoji
AU - Furukawa, Kazuhiro
AU - Matsushita, Masanobu
AU - Yamamura, Takeshi
AU - Ishikawa, Takuya
AU - Ohno, Eizaburo
AU - Nakamura, Masanao
AU - Kawashima, Hiroki
AU - Watanabe, Osamu
AU - Ohara, Kenichi
AU - Hirooka, Yoshiki
AU - Goto, Hidemi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Background and Aim: Magnifying endoscopy is useful for diagnosis of early gastrointestinal neoplasms by visualizing microvascular (MV) and microsurface (MS) structures of the mucosa when combined with image-enhanced endoscopy. However, precise control of the endoscope is needed because the depth of focus is narrow and the target may move. These problems may be overcome by the all-in-focus (AIF) technique, which was developed in the engineering field. The aim of the study was to evaluate magnifying endoscopic image with AIF algorithm. Methods: Twenty gastric neoplasms were examined. Images were acquired at 80× magnification and converted to endoscopic images with an AIF algorithm (EI-AIF). The focus area and MV and MS patterns in the original image and the EI-AIF were compared on a 5-point Likert scale, where 5 indicates that the EI-AIF was superior. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the inter-evaluator reliability. An image quality measurement value was calculated for each image as an indicator of the degree of focus. Results: The scores for focus area, MV, and MS were 4.78 ± 0.45 (ICC = 0.63), 4.12 ± 0.76 (ICC = 0.70), and 4.72 ± 0.52 (ICC = 0.45), respectively, with the EI-AIF significantly superior for all three items (P < 0.05 by Student's t-test). ICCs for the focus area and MV were > 0.60, indicating strong inter-evaluator reliability. Image quality measurement was higher for the EI-AIF compared with the original image in every case. Conclusions: Endoscopic observation with AIF algorithm gives a better image quality that allows easier evaluation of MV and MS patterns. This technique may resolve the difficulties with magnifying endoscopic observation.
AB - Background and Aim: Magnifying endoscopy is useful for diagnosis of early gastrointestinal neoplasms by visualizing microvascular (MV) and microsurface (MS) structures of the mucosa when combined with image-enhanced endoscopy. However, precise control of the endoscope is needed because the depth of focus is narrow and the target may move. These problems may be overcome by the all-in-focus (AIF) technique, which was developed in the engineering field. The aim of the study was to evaluate magnifying endoscopic image with AIF algorithm. Methods: Twenty gastric neoplasms were examined. Images were acquired at 80× magnification and converted to endoscopic images with an AIF algorithm (EI-AIF). The focus area and MV and MS patterns in the original image and the EI-AIF were compared on a 5-point Likert scale, where 5 indicates that the EI-AIF was superior. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the inter-evaluator reliability. An image quality measurement value was calculated for each image as an indicator of the degree of focus. Results: The scores for focus area, MV, and MS were 4.78 ± 0.45 (ICC = 0.63), 4.12 ± 0.76 (ICC = 0.70), and 4.72 ± 0.52 (ICC = 0.45), respectively, with the EI-AIF significantly superior for all three items (P < 0.05 by Student's t-test). ICCs for the focus area and MV were > 0.60, indicating strong inter-evaluator reliability. Image quality measurement was higher for the EI-AIF compared with the original image in every case. Conclusions: Endoscopic observation with AIF algorithm gives a better image quality that allows easier evaluation of MV and MS patterns. This technique may resolve the difficulties with magnifying endoscopic observation.
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U2 - 10.1111/jgh.14792
DO - 10.1111/jgh.14792
M3 - Article
C2 - 31334881
AN - SCOPUS:85071195261
SN - 0815-9319
VL - 35
SP - 65
EP - 70
JO - Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)
JF - Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)
IS - 1
ER -