Global brain atrophy is associated with physical performance and the risk of falls in older adults with cognitive impairment

Aim: Falls are common in patients with cognitive disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine whether global brain atrophy is associated with cognitive function, physical performance and fall incidents in older adults with mild cognitive disorder. Methods: A total of 31 older adults with mild cognitive disorders (mean age 78.9±7.3years) were studied, and 10 of them had experienced falls and the others had not in the past 1year. Cognitive function and physical performance were measured in these patients. Global brain atrophy was determined by the Voxel-Based Specific Regional Analysis System for Alzheimer's Disease software. Results: Fallers showed significantly worse scores than the non-fallers in the Global Brain Atrophy Index, Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Verbal Fluency Test (animal), maximum walking time and Timed Up & Go (TUG) Test. The Global Brain Atrophy Index was correlated with the Verbal Fluency Test (animal; r=-0.522), the Verbal Fluency Test with letter (ka; r=-0.337), CDT (r=-0.547), TUG (r=0.276) and Five Chair Stands Test (r=0.303) by age-adjusted correlation analyses. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the Global Brain Atrophy Index (β=1.265, 95% CI 1.022-1.567) was a significant and independent determinant of falls (R²=0.356, P=0.003). Conclusion: Global brain atrophy might be indicated as one of the risk factors for falls in older adults with mild cognitive disorders.