Impact of intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction on ADL and outcome in stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: The impact of different stroke types on specific activities of daily living (ADL) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how differences between intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and cerebral infarction (CI) affect improvement of ADL in patients with stroke within a hospital by focusing on the sub-items of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). METHODS: Patients with first-stroke hemiplegia (n = 212) were divided into two groups: ICH (86 patients) and CI (126 patients). Primary assessments included 13 motor and 5 cognitive sub-items of the FIM assessed at admission and discharge. Between-group comparisons and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Upon admission, the ICH group exhibited significantly lower FIM scores than those of the CI group across various activities, including grooming, dressing (upper body and lower body), toileting, bed/chair transfer, toilet transfer, walking/wheelchair, and stairs. Age and FIM motor scores at admission influenced both groups' total FIM motor scores at discharge, whereas the duration from onset affected only the CI group. CONCLUSION: Several individual FIM motor items were more adversely affected by ICH than by CI. Factors related to ADL at discharge may differ depending on stroke type. Recognizing these differences is vital for efficient rehabilitation practices and outcome prediction.