TY - JOUR
T1 - Limited effectiveness of household sand filters for removal of arsenic from well water in North Vietnam
AU - Ilmiawati, Cimi
AU - Thang, Nguyen Dinh
AU - Iida, Machiko
AU - Maeda, Masao
AU - Ohnuma, Shoko
AU - Yajima, Ichiro
AU - Ohgami, Nobutaka
AU - Oshino, Reina
AU - Al Hossain, M. M.Aeorangajeb
AU - Ninomiya, Hiromasa
AU - Kato, Masashi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© IWA Publishing 2016.
PY - 2016/12
Y1 - 2016/12
N2 - Since well water utilized for domestic purposes in the Red River Delta of North Vietnam has been reported to be polluted by arsenic, barium, iron, and manganese, household sand filters consisting of various components are used. Information regarding the effectiveness of various sand filters for removal of the four toxic elements in well water is limited. In this study, arsenic levels in 13/20 of well water samples and 1/7 of tap water samples exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) healthbased guideline value for drinking water. Moreover, 2/20, 6/20, and 4/20 of well water samples had levels exceeding the present and previous guideline levels for barium, iron, and manganese, respectively. Levels of iron and manganese, but not arsenic, in well water treated by sand filters were lower than those in untreated water, although previous studies showed that sand filters removed all of those elements from water. A low ratio of iron/arsenic in well water may not be sufficient for efficient removal of arsenic from household sand filters. The levels of barium in well water treated by sand filters, especially a filter composed of sand and charcoal, were significantly lower than those in untreated water. Thus, we demonstrated characteristics of sand filters in North Vietnam.
AB - Since well water utilized for domestic purposes in the Red River Delta of North Vietnam has been reported to be polluted by arsenic, barium, iron, and manganese, household sand filters consisting of various components are used. Information regarding the effectiveness of various sand filters for removal of the four toxic elements in well water is limited. In this study, arsenic levels in 13/20 of well water samples and 1/7 of tap water samples exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) healthbased guideline value for drinking water. Moreover, 2/20, 6/20, and 4/20 of well water samples had levels exceeding the present and previous guideline levels for barium, iron, and manganese, respectively. Levels of iron and manganese, but not arsenic, in well water treated by sand filters were lower than those in untreated water, although previous studies showed that sand filters removed all of those elements from water. A low ratio of iron/arsenic in well water may not be sufficient for efficient removal of arsenic from household sand filters. The levels of barium in well water treated by sand filters, especially a filter composed of sand and charcoal, were significantly lower than those in untreated water. Thus, we demonstrated characteristics of sand filters in North Vietnam.
KW - Arsenic
KW - Barium
KW - Iron
KW - Manganese
KW - Sand filter
KW - Well water
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U2 - 10.2166/wh.2016.254
DO - 10.2166/wh.2016.254
M3 - Article
C2 - 27959882
AN - SCOPUS:85006152376
SN - 1477-8920
VL - 14
SP - 1032
EP - 1040
JO - Journal of Water and Health
JF - Journal of Water and Health
IS - 6
ER -
