Monoallelic mutations in MMD2 cause autosomal dominant aggressive periodontitis

Aggressive periodontitis causes rapid destruction of periodontal tissue. It occurs at a young age with familial clustering. We report on the first time on molecular and cellular basis of a Mendelian form of autosomal dominant aggressive periodontitis. Monoallelic mutations in the monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated 2 (MMD2) gene, encoding MMD2, in two Japanese families with autosomal dominant aggressive periodontitis are identified. Mutations, c.347 C>T (p.A116V) and c.377 G>C (p.R126P) in MMD2, disturbed fMLP-induced activation of Ras/ERK signaling. Additionally, abnormalities in the proteins of Golgi apparatus, a crucial contributor to innate immune signaling pathways, were identified in patients' neutrophils. The knock-in and knockout mice exhibited alveolar bone loss by ligature-induced periodontitis, along with impaired fMLP-induced chemotaxis, as found in the patients with MMD2 mutation. Our studies revealed that monoallelic mutations in MMD2 underlie the impairment of neutrophil chemotaxis, which leads to the development of autosomal dominant aggressive periodontitis.