TY - JOUR
T1 - Nonrestorative Sleep and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence
T2 - The Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study
AU - Lin, Jingyi
AU - Song, Zean
AU - Li, Yuanying
AU - Chiang, Chifa
AU - Hirakawa, Yoshihisa
AU - Nakano, Yoshihisa
AU - Hong, Young Jae
AU - Matsunaga, Masaaki
AU - Ota, Atsuhiko
AU - Tamakoshi, Koji
AU - Yatsuya, Hiroshi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Jingyi Lin et al.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: The term “nonrestorative sleep (NRS)” refers to an unrefreshed feeling at wake-up and is a domain of poor sleep quality. Previous research has demonstrated that NRS is linked to a number of diseases and adverse health outcomes, but less is known regarding the link between NRS and diabetes, particularly in Japanese. Methods: We studied 3,665 middle-aged male participants of the Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study who were followed-up from 2002 through 2019. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to NRS adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results: During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 421 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Participants with NRS had a higher crude incidence rate of T2DM (11.2/1,000 person-years), compared to participants without NRS (9.3/1,000 person-years). In the fully adjusted model, individuals who reported having NRS had a significantly higher risk of developing T2DM (HR1.36; 95% CI, 1.10–1.67). The association was observed only in participants under 50 years old (HR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.36–2.43), not in the older (50 years or older) participants (P for interaction = 0.025). In contrast, stratified analyses by the presence of shift work, obesity, or sleep duration showed similar associations in all the strata. Conclusion: NRS was associated with higher risk of T2DM in middle-aged Japanese male workers independent of a variety of lifestyle factors and other sleep problems.
AB - Background: The term “nonrestorative sleep (NRS)” refers to an unrefreshed feeling at wake-up and is a domain of poor sleep quality. Previous research has demonstrated that NRS is linked to a number of diseases and adverse health outcomes, but less is known regarding the link between NRS and diabetes, particularly in Japanese. Methods: We studied 3,665 middle-aged male participants of the Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study who were followed-up from 2002 through 2019. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to NRS adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results: During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 421 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Participants with NRS had a higher crude incidence rate of T2DM (11.2/1,000 person-years), compared to participants without NRS (9.3/1,000 person-years). In the fully adjusted model, individuals who reported having NRS had a significantly higher risk of developing T2DM (HR1.36; 95% CI, 1.10–1.67). The association was observed only in participants under 50 years old (HR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.36–2.43), not in the older (50 years or older) participants (P for interaction = 0.025). In contrast, stratified analyses by the presence of shift work, obesity, or sleep duration showed similar associations in all the strata. Conclusion: NRS was associated with higher risk of T2DM in middle-aged Japanese male workers independent of a variety of lifestyle factors and other sleep problems.
KW - cohort study
KW - diabetes
KW - Japanese
KW - nonrestorative sleep
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U2 - 10.2188/jea.JE20230184
DO - 10.2188/jea.JE20230184
M3 - Article
C2 - 38281747
AN - SCOPUS:85203418889
SN - 0917-5040
VL - 34
SP - 428
EP - 433
JO - Journal of epidemiology
JF - Journal of epidemiology
IS - 9
ER -