TY - JOUR
T1 - Physical Frailty and Use of GuidelineRecommended Drugs in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
AU - Kondo, Toru
AU - Adachi, Takuji
AU - Kobayashi, Kiyonori
AU - Okumura, Takahiro
AU - Izawa, Hideo
AU - Murohara, Toyoaki
AU - McMurray, John J.V.
AU - Yamada, Sumio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
PY - 2023/6/20
Y1 - 2023/6/20
N2 - BACKGROUND: Guideline-recommended therapies that improve prognosis remain underused in clinical practice. Physical frailty may lead to underprescription of life-saving therapy. We aimed to investigate the association between physical frailty and the use of evidence-based pharmacological therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and the impact of this on prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The FLAGSHIP (Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study to Develop Frailty-Based Prognostic Criteria for Heart Failure Patients) included patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, and data on physical frailty were collected prospectively. We analyzed 1041 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (aged 70 years; 73% male) and divided them by physical frailty categories using grip strength, walking speed, Self-Efficacy for Walking–7 score, and Performance Measures for Activities of Daily Living–8 score: categories I (n=371; least frail), II (n=275), III (n=224), and IV (n=171). Overall prescription rates of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were 69.7%, 87.8%, and 51.9%, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving all 3 drugs decreased as physical frailty increased (in category I patients, 40.2%; IV patients, 23.4%; P for trend<0.001). In adjusted analyses, the severity of physical frailty was an independent predictor for nonuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (odds ratio [OR], 1.23 [95% CI, 1.05–1.43] per 1 category increase) and β-blockers (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.06–1.64]), but not mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.84–1.12]). Patients receiving 0 to 1 drug had a higher risk of the composite outcome of all-cause death or heart failure rehospitalization than those treated with 3 drugs in physical frailty categories I and II (hazard ratio [HR], 1.80 [95% CI, 1.08–2.98]) and III and IV (HR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.01–2.32]) in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription of guideline-recommended therapy decreased as severity of physical frailty increased in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Underprescription of guideline-recommended therapy may contribute to the poor prognosis associated with physical frailty.
AB - BACKGROUND: Guideline-recommended therapies that improve prognosis remain underused in clinical practice. Physical frailty may lead to underprescription of life-saving therapy. We aimed to investigate the association between physical frailty and the use of evidence-based pharmacological therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and the impact of this on prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The FLAGSHIP (Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study to Develop Frailty-Based Prognostic Criteria for Heart Failure Patients) included patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, and data on physical frailty were collected prospectively. We analyzed 1041 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (aged 70 years; 73% male) and divided them by physical frailty categories using grip strength, walking speed, Self-Efficacy for Walking–7 score, and Performance Measures for Activities of Daily Living–8 score: categories I (n=371; least frail), II (n=275), III (n=224), and IV (n=171). Overall prescription rates of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were 69.7%, 87.8%, and 51.9%, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving all 3 drugs decreased as physical frailty increased (in category I patients, 40.2%; IV patients, 23.4%; P for trend<0.001). In adjusted analyses, the severity of physical frailty was an independent predictor for nonuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (odds ratio [OR], 1.23 [95% CI, 1.05–1.43] per 1 category increase) and β-blockers (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.06–1.64]), but not mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.84–1.12]). Patients receiving 0 to 1 drug had a higher risk of the composite outcome of all-cause death or heart failure rehospitalization than those treated with 3 drugs in physical frailty categories I and II (hazard ratio [HR], 1.80 [95% CI, 1.08–2.98]) and III and IV (HR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.01–2.32]) in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription of guideline-recommended therapy decreased as severity of physical frailty increased in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Underprescription of guideline-recommended therapy may contribute to the poor prognosis associated with physical frailty.
KW - drug therapy
KW - frailty
KW - heart failure
KW - prognosis
KW - reduced ejection fraction
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U2 - 10.1161/JAHA.122.026844
DO - 10.1161/JAHA.122.026844
M3 - Article
C2 - 37301739
AN - SCOPUS:85163686808
SN - 2047-9980
VL - 12
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
JF - Journal of the American Heart Association
IS - 12
M1 - e026844
ER -