Predictors of Secondary Bladder Cancer in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Brachytherapy: A Single-institution Study of a Japanese Cohort

Purpose: The incidence of secondary bladder cancer after treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. In this study, PCa cases treated with brachytherapy (BT) were evaluated to assess the incidence of a second malignancy of bladder cancer in a Japanese cohort. Materials and Methods: Overall, 969 patients treated with BT at our hospital between July 2006 and January 2019 were included in the study cohort. The incidence and predictors of secondary bladder cancer were also assessed. Results: The incidence of secondary bladder cancer was 1.5% (n = 14). Of the seven factors (age, pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, cTNM stage, prostate volume, total activity, and combined external beam), prostate volume and total activity showed significant differences between the cohorts with and without secondary bladder cancer (P =. 03 and P =. 001, respectively). Upon comparison of the seven parameters for the 969 patients treated with BT, we found that only the total activity factor was affected by the incidence of secondary bladder cancer in the multivariate analysis (P =. 007). Conclusion: The incidence of secondary bladder cancer was evaluated after BT for PCa. Total activity was associated with the incidence of secondary bladder cancer in Japanese patients who received BT.