TY - JOUR
T1 - RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling in malignant melanoma progression and therapy
AU - Yajima, Ichiro
AU - Kumasaka, Mayuko Y.
AU - Thang, Nguyen Dinh
AU - Goto, Yuji
AU - Takeda, Kozue
AU - Yamanoshita, Osamu
AU - Iida, Machiko
AU - Ohgami, Nobutaka
AU - Tamura, Haruka
AU - Kawamoto, Yoshiyuki
AU - Kato, Masashi
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. Melanomagenesis is initially triggered by environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV), which induces genetic/epigenetic alterations in the chromosomes of melanocytes. In human melanomas, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and the PI3K/PTEN/AKT (AKT) signaling pathways are two major signaling pathways and are constitutively activated through genetic alterations. Mutations of RAF, RAS, and PTEN contribute to antiapoptosis, abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion for melanoma development and progression. To find better approaches to therapies for patients, understanding these MAPK and AKT signaling mechanisms of melanoma development and progression is important. Here, we review MAPK and AKT signaling networks associated with melanoma development and progression.
AB - Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. Melanomagenesis is initially triggered by environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV), which induces genetic/epigenetic alterations in the chromosomes of melanocytes. In human melanomas, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and the PI3K/PTEN/AKT (AKT) signaling pathways are two major signaling pathways and are constitutively activated through genetic alterations. Mutations of RAF, RAS, and PTEN contribute to antiapoptosis, abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion for melanoma development and progression. To find better approaches to therapies for patients, understanding these MAPK and AKT signaling mechanisms of melanoma development and progression is important. Here, we review MAPK and AKT signaling networks associated with melanoma development and progression.
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U2 - 10.1155/2012/354191
DO - 10.1155/2012/354191
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84867539636
SN - 1687-6105
VL - 2012
JO - Dermatology Research and Practice
JF - Dermatology Research and Practice
M1 - 354191
ER -
