TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship between tinnitus and olfactory dysfunction
T2 - audiovisual, olfactory, and medical examinations
AU - Katayama, Naomi
AU - Yoshida, Tadao
AU - Nakashima, Tsutomu
AU - Ito, Yasuki
AU - Teranishi, Masaaki
AU - Iwase, Takeshi
AU - Sugiura, Saiko
AU - Goto, Kensuke
AU - Uchida, Yasue
AU - Taki, Yosuke
AU - Nakada, Takafumi
AU - Tada, Ai
AU - Suzuki, Hirokazu
AU - Nakano, Yuta
AU - Shimono, Mariko
AU - Saji, Naoki
AU - Kogure, Anna
AU - Shimizu, Emiko
AU - Sone, Michihiko
AU - Hamajima, Nobuyuki
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Katayama, Yoshida, Nakashima, Ito, Teranishi, Iwase, Sugiura, Goto, Uchida, Taki, Nakada, Tada, Suzuki, Nakano, Shimono, Saji, Kogure, Shimizu, Sone and Hamajima.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Introduction: Sensory dysfunctions and cognitive impairments are related to each other. Although a relationship between tinnitus and subjective olfactory dysfunction has been reported, there have been no reports investigating the relationship between tinnitus and olfactory test results. Methods: To investigate the relationship between tinnitus and olfactory test results, we conducted sensory tests, including hearing and visual examinations. The subjects included 510 community-dwelling individuals (295 women and 215 men) who attended a health checkup in Yakumo, Japan. The age of the subjects ranged from 40 to 91 years (mean ± standard deviation, 63.8 ± 9.9 years). The participants completed a self-reported questionnaire on subjective tinnitus, olfactory function, and hearing function, as well as their lifestyle. The health checkup included smell, hearing, vision, and blood examinations. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, the presence of tinnitus was significantly associated with subjective olfactory dysfunction, poor olfactory test results, hearing deterioration, vertigo, and headache. Additionally, high serum calcium levels and a low albumin/globulin ratio were significantly associated with low physical activity and nutrition. Women scored higher than men in olfactory and hearing examinations, but there was no gender difference in vision examinations. Conclusion: Subjective smell dysfunction and poor smell test results were significantly associated with tinnitus complaints. Hearing and vision were associated even after adjusting for age and sex. These findings suggest that evaluating the mutual relationships among sensory organs is important when evaluating the influence of sensory dysfunctions on cognitive function.
AB - Introduction: Sensory dysfunctions and cognitive impairments are related to each other. Although a relationship between tinnitus and subjective olfactory dysfunction has been reported, there have been no reports investigating the relationship between tinnitus and olfactory test results. Methods: To investigate the relationship between tinnitus and olfactory test results, we conducted sensory tests, including hearing and visual examinations. The subjects included 510 community-dwelling individuals (295 women and 215 men) who attended a health checkup in Yakumo, Japan. The age of the subjects ranged from 40 to 91 years (mean ± standard deviation, 63.8 ± 9.9 years). The participants completed a self-reported questionnaire on subjective tinnitus, olfactory function, and hearing function, as well as their lifestyle. The health checkup included smell, hearing, vision, and blood examinations. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, the presence of tinnitus was significantly associated with subjective olfactory dysfunction, poor olfactory test results, hearing deterioration, vertigo, and headache. Additionally, high serum calcium levels and a low albumin/globulin ratio were significantly associated with low physical activity and nutrition. Women scored higher than men in olfactory and hearing examinations, but there was no gender difference in vision examinations. Conclusion: Subjective smell dysfunction and poor smell test results were significantly associated with tinnitus complaints. Hearing and vision were associated even after adjusting for age and sex. These findings suggest that evaluating the mutual relationships among sensory organs is important when evaluating the influence of sensory dysfunctions on cognitive function.
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U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124404
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124404
M3 - Article
C2 - 37151589
AN - SCOPUS:85158041025
SN - 2296-2565
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
JF - Frontiers in Public Health
M1 - 1124404
ER -