Synergistic promoting effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and high-salt diet on gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and high-salt diet administration are both considered to be important factors in gastric carcinogenesis in man. To investigate the interaction of these two factors on gastric carcinogenesis, an experimental study of the carcinogenesis model was performed. Mongolian gerbils were treated with 20 ppm of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in their drinking water for alternate weeks for a total of 5 weeks' exposure (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4) or were maintained as controls (groups 5, 6, 7 and 8). At week 11, the animals were inoculated with Hp (groups 1, 2, 5 and 6) or the vehicle alone (groups 3, 4, 7 and 8), and after week 12, animals were fed a 10% high salt diet (groups 1, 3, 5 and 7) or the control diet (groups 2, 4, 6 and 8). At week 50, the incidence of adenocarcinomas in group 1 (32.1%, 6 well-differentiated, 2 poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and one signet-ring cell carcinoma) was significantly higher than in groups 3 (0%) (P<0.005) and 4 (0%) (P<0.01). The incidence of adenocarcinomas in group 2 (11.8%, one well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and one signet-ring cell carcinoma) was also higher than in groups 3 and 4. A high-salt diet enhanced the effects of Hp infection on gastric carcinogenesis, and these two factors acted synergistically to promote the development of stomach cancers. Moreover, Hp infection promoted gastric carcinomas more than the high-salt diet.