The impact of malnutrition and nutrition-related factors on the development and severity of pressure ulcers in older patients receiving home care

Background & aims: To investigate the impact of nutritional status and nutrition-related factors on the development and severity of pressure ulcers acquired in the home care setting. Methods: Two hundred and seven home care offices in Japan were selected at random and 290 patients with home-acquired pressure ulcers and 456 patients without pressure ulcers were analyzed. Data on nutritional status, caregiver knowledge, and health professional's nutritional management were collected. Pressure ulcers were categorized as superficial or full-thickness. Results: Malnutrition was significantly and most strongly associated with higher rate of the pressure ulcer after adjusting for other risk factors (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.53-3.44). Assessment of the patient's nutritional status and adequate dietary intake by a health professional were significantly associated with lower odds for developing pressure ulcers (OR, 0.43, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.68, 0.28-0.79, respectively). Malnutrition was also significantly and most strongly associated with more severe pressure ulcers (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.03-3.45). Assessment of a caregiver's nutritional knowledge by a health professional was a significant preventive factor for severe pressure ulcers. Conclusion: The quality of home care for risk factors such as pressure redistribution has improved, making nutritional management a more crucial factor in pressure ulcer prevention.