The incidence and prognosis of other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders of the lung related to methotrexate: A retrospective study

Background and objective: Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA-LPD) are rare but well-known diseases that manifest during or after methotrexate (MTX) administration. Limited information is available on the clinical characteristics of OIIA-LPD of the lung because only a few cases have been reported. Thus, we aimed to assess the incidence and prognosis of patients with OIIA-LPD of the lung. Methods: Patients with OIIA-LPD of the lung treated at our institution between January 2008 and July 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Results: Among the 51 patients with OIIA-LPD, 16 (31.3%, 7 men, 9 women) had OIIA-LPD of the lung (median age, 69 [range, 63–82] years). Peripheral lesions were observed in 10 (62.5%), central lesions in two (12.5%), and both lesions in four (25.0%) patients. Nine of the 16 patients underwent bronchoscopic biopsy, seven were diagnosed (diagnostic yield, 77.8%) and, re-biopsy was performed in 2 patients. Eight (50.0%) patients had LPD and six (37.5%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In the 14 patients with confirmed treatment efficacy, the overall response rate to MTX withdrawal was 71.4%. However, chemotherapy was required in case of larger lesions (three patients). Death related to OIIA-LPD occurred in only one patient, and 11 of the 14 patients were alive during the study period (median follow-up time, 53.7 [range, 4.3–84.2] months). Conclusion: The incidence of OIIA-LPD of the lung is 31.3% and higher than that reported previously. The treatment effect of MTX withdrawal seems to be sufficient; however, in some cases, chemotherapy may be required from the beginning.