TY - JOUR
T1 - Time-course analysis of cardiac and serum galectin-3 in viral myocarditis after an encephalomyocarditis virus inoculation
AU - Noguchi, Kei
AU - Tomita, Hiroyuki
AU - Kanayama, Tomohiro
AU - Niwa, Ayumi
AU - Hatano, Yuichiro
AU - Hoshi, Masato
AU - Sugie, Shigeyuki
AU - Okada, Hideshi
AU - Niwa, Masayuki
AU - Hara, Akira
N1 - Funding Information:
This research is supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (Grant Number: 15K11289 and 24590911) (A.H. and H.T.). We thank Kyoko Takahashi, Ayako Suga, and Reiko Kitazumi for their assistance with the experiments and Masayoshi Shimizu for his assistance with the animal procedures. We also thank Dr. Paul Green with the English Editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Noguchi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in cell proliferation and apo-ptotic regulation. Recently, serum galectin-3 has been shown to have prognostic value as a biomarker in heart failure. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) can cause severe myocarditis, congestive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy as well as encephalitis in various animals including mice. The pathophysiological role of galectin-3 in acute myocarditis following viral infection is not fully understood. The goal of this study is to determine the cardiac localization and the time-course of galectin-3 expression in heart failure after viral inoculation with EMCV. At 12, 24, 48, 96 hours, 7 and 10 days after intraperitoneal EMCV inoculation, animals were examined histologically and analyzed for the expression of galectin-3 and Iba1. Galectin-3 was up-regulated in degenerated fibrotic lesions of cardiac tissues 96 hours after viral inoculation and were followed by myocardial fibrosis. At the same time, Iba1 positive macrophages were observed within the inflammatory sites. A time-course correlation between the number of galectin-3 positive cells and the cardiac area of degenerated fibrotic lesions was detected—serum galectin-3 increased at 96 hours and correlated well with the number of cardiac galectin-3 positive cells. Our results indicate that galectin-3 expression may be a useful biomarker of cardiac fibrotic degeneration in acute myocarditis following viral infection. In addition, measuring serum galectin-3 levels might be an early diagnostic method for detecting cardiac degeneration in acute myocarditis.
AB - Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in cell proliferation and apo-ptotic regulation. Recently, serum galectin-3 has been shown to have prognostic value as a biomarker in heart failure. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) can cause severe myocarditis, congestive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy as well as encephalitis in various animals including mice. The pathophysiological role of galectin-3 in acute myocarditis following viral infection is not fully understood. The goal of this study is to determine the cardiac localization and the time-course of galectin-3 expression in heart failure after viral inoculation with EMCV. At 12, 24, 48, 96 hours, 7 and 10 days after intraperitoneal EMCV inoculation, animals were examined histologically and analyzed for the expression of galectin-3 and Iba1. Galectin-3 was up-regulated in degenerated fibrotic lesions of cardiac tissues 96 hours after viral inoculation and were followed by myocardial fibrosis. At the same time, Iba1 positive macrophages were observed within the inflammatory sites. A time-course correlation between the number of galectin-3 positive cells and the cardiac area of degenerated fibrotic lesions was detected—serum galectin-3 increased at 96 hours and correlated well with the number of cardiac galectin-3 positive cells. Our results indicate that galectin-3 expression may be a useful biomarker of cardiac fibrotic degeneration in acute myocarditis following viral infection. In addition, measuring serum galectin-3 levels might be an early diagnostic method for detecting cardiac degeneration in acute myocarditis.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060398195&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85060398195&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0210971
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0210971
M3 - Article
C2 - 30673749
AN - SCOPUS:85060398195
VL - 14
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 1
M1 - e0210971
ER -