Age-related changes in oral tactile and thermal sensation throughout adulthood

Although the life expectancy of women is over 80 years in many countries, oral sensation has scarcely been compared between adults ≥ 80 years and younger age groups. The purpose of this study was to clarify age-related changes in oral sensation throughout adulthood. After exclusion of individuals with factors that might have confounded somatosensory performance, 123 female participants were divided into four age groups: 20–39 years, 40–59 years, 60–79 years, and 80–96 years. Perceptions of tactile and thermal sensations were examined at points on the anterior and posterior palate, anterior and posterior tongue, lower labial-attached gingiva, lower lip, and buccal mucosa; two-point discrimination was examined only on the tongue. The tactile and two-point discrimination thresholds for the anterior and posterior tongue were significantly higher in the 80–96-year-old group than in any other age group (p < 0.05). The tactile threshold for the buccal mucosa was significantly higher in the 80–96-year-old group than in the 60–79-year-old group (p < 0.05). The percentage of participants able to perceive a warm stimulus (50 °C) in the buccal mucosa was significantly lower in the 80–96-year-old group than in the 20–39-year-old group (p < 0.05). Only the topography of the warm sensation perception changed with age. This cross-sectional study suggests that oral tactile and thermal sensation for warm stimuli deteriorates with age in a site-specific manner, especially after the age of 80 years, but the same does not occur with cool stimuli.