Central Nervous System Infections: Meningitis and Brain Abscess

Despite advances in antimicrobial and antiviral therapy, meningitis and brain abscess are infections that result in significant morbidity and mortality. A multidisciplinary approach, including intensive care, is often required in the treatment of these infections. Meningitis is defined by the presence of the inflammation of the meninges, with characteristic changes in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain abscess is a focal infection of the brain parenchyma, commonly caused by bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. This article reviews the common infectious etiologies of central nervous system infections, especially bacterial meningitis and brain abscess, and their subsequent management in the intensive care unit.