Chronic myeloid leukemia following chemotherapy with 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine for gastric cancer

We report here a very rare case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) following long-term chemotherapy with 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′-DFUR) for gastric cancer. A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with the chronic phase of CML. Six years previously, he underwent radical subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and was subsequently treated with oral anti-metabolite 5′-DFUR as adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 years. He was placed on imatinib therapy, and achieved a major molecular response 10 months after the initiation of therapy. This is the first reported case of therapy-related CML following 5′-DFUR treatment.