TY - JOUR
T1 - Cochineal dye-induced immediate allergy
T2 - Review of Japanese cases and proposed new diagnostic chart
AU - Takeo, Naoko
AU - Nakamura, Masashi
AU - Nakayama, Satoshi
AU - Okamoto, Osamu
AU - Sugimoto, Naoki
AU - Sugiura, Shinichi
AU - Sato, Nayu
AU - Harada, Susumu
AU - Yamaguchi, Masao
AU - Mitsui, Naoya
AU - Kubota, Yumiko
AU - Suzuki, Kayoko
AU - Terada, Makoto
AU - Nagai, Akiyo
AU - Sowa-Osako, Junko
AU - Hatano, Yutaka
AU - Akiyama, Hiroshi
AU - Yagami, Akiko
AU - Fujiwara, Sakuhei
AU - Matsunaga, Kayoko
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Japanese Society of Allergology
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Background: Cochineal dye is used worldwide as a red coloring in foods, drinks, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and drugs. The main component of the red color is carminic acid (CA). Carmine is an aluminum- or calcium-chelated product of CA. CA and carmine usually contain contaminating proteins, including a 38-kDa protein thought to be the primary allergen. Severe allergic reactions manifest as anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to review all Japanese reported cases and propose useful diagnostic chart. Methods: All reported Japanese cases of cochineal dye-induced immediate allergy were reviewed, and newly registered cases were examined by skin prick test (SPT) with cochineal extract (CE) and measurement of CE and carmine-specific serum IgE test. Two-dimensional (2D) western blotting using patient serum was conducted to identify the antigen. Results: Twenty-two Japanese cases have been reported. SPT and the level of specific IgE test indicated that six cases should be newly registered as cochineal dye allergy. All cases were adult females, and all cases except three involved anaphylaxis; 13 cases involved past history of local symptoms associated with cosmetics use. Japanese strawberry juice and fish-meat sausage, and European processed foods (especially macarons made in France) and drinks were recent major sources of allergen. 2D western blotting showed that patient IgE reacted to the 38-kDa protein and other proteins. Serum from healthy controls also weakly reacted with these proteins. Conclusions: SPT with CE and determination of the level of CE and carmine-specific IgE test are useful methods for the diagnosis of cochineal dye allergy.
AB - Background: Cochineal dye is used worldwide as a red coloring in foods, drinks, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and drugs. The main component of the red color is carminic acid (CA). Carmine is an aluminum- or calcium-chelated product of CA. CA and carmine usually contain contaminating proteins, including a 38-kDa protein thought to be the primary allergen. Severe allergic reactions manifest as anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to review all Japanese reported cases and propose useful diagnostic chart. Methods: All reported Japanese cases of cochineal dye-induced immediate allergy were reviewed, and newly registered cases were examined by skin prick test (SPT) with cochineal extract (CE) and measurement of CE and carmine-specific serum IgE test. Two-dimensional (2D) western blotting using patient serum was conducted to identify the antigen. Results: Twenty-two Japanese cases have been reported. SPT and the level of specific IgE test indicated that six cases should be newly registered as cochineal dye allergy. All cases were adult females, and all cases except three involved anaphylaxis; 13 cases involved past history of local symptoms associated with cosmetics use. Japanese strawberry juice and fish-meat sausage, and European processed foods (especially macarons made in France) and drinks were recent major sources of allergen. 2D western blotting showed that patient IgE reacted to the 38-kDa protein and other proteins. Serum from healthy controls also weakly reacted with these proteins. Conclusions: SPT with CE and determination of the level of CE and carmine-specific IgE test are useful methods for the diagnosis of cochineal dye allergy.
KW - Carminic acid
KW - Cochineal dye
KW - Immediate allergy
KW - Skin prick test
KW - Two dimensional western blotting
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U2 - 10.1016/j.alit.2018.02.012
DO - 10.1016/j.alit.2018.02.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 29705083
AN - SCOPUS:85046122355
SN - 1323-8930
VL - 67
SP - 496
EP - 505
JO - Allergology International
JF - Allergology International
IS - 4
ER -