Correction to: Long-term systemic androgen deprivation partially modulates neuroinflammation in male AppNL−G−F/NL−G−F mice (Scientific Reports, (2025), 15, 1, (14702), 10.1038/s41598-025-98825-z)

Correction to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98825-z, published online 27 April 2025 The original version of this Article contained an error in the Figures, where Figure 3 was published as Figure 2, and Figure 3 was a duplication of Figure 4. The original Figs. 2 and 3 and accompanying legends appear below. Long-term castration alters neuroinflammatory-related gene expression in glial cells of App^{NL−G−F/NL−G−F} mice. (a) Schematic of long-term systemic androgen deprivation and subsequent behavioral, expression, and histological analyses in male WT and App mice. (b) Schematic protocol for microglia and astrocytes isolation from the cerebral cortices of 18-month-old male sham-operated (Sham-) or castrated (Cast-) WT and App mice via MACS, followed by gene expression analysis through qPCR [Sham-WT mice (n = 8), Cast-WT mice (n = 7–8), Sham-App mice (n = 8), and Cast-App mice (n = 5–6)]. (c) mRNA levels in isolated microglia from Sham- or Cast- WT and App mice measured using qPCR. Relative expression levels of Ar, proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines (Cxcl10, Ccl5, and Il6), A1-astrocyte inducers (Tnf, Il1a, and C1qa), and a DAM marker (Itgax) are presented as means ± SEMs. (d) mRNA levels in astrocytes isolated from Sham- or Cast- WT and App mice determined via qPCR. Relative expression levels of Ar, a pan-astrocyte marker (Gfap), A1-astrocyte markers (H2-D1 and Psmb8), and inflammatory regulators (Stat3 and Socs3) are plotted as means ± SEMs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (c, d). Long-term castration does not affect Aβ pathology or dystrophic neurites in App^{NL−G−F/NL−G−F} mice. (a–c) Representative immunofluorescence images showing IBA1 (green) and Aβ (red) expression, along with merged images, in the cerebral cortex (a), hippocampus (b), and amygdala (c) of 18-month-old male Sham- or Cast- WT and App mice. Scale bars: 100 μm. (d, e) Quantification of immunofluorescence images from (a–c). Percentage of immunopositive areas for Aβ (d) and IBA1 (e) in the cerebral cortex (Cx), hippocampus (Hip), and amygdala (Amy). f Representative immunofluorescence images showing BACE1 (green) and Aβ (red) expression, along with merged images, in the cerebral cortex of 18-month-old male Sham- or Cast- App mice. Scale bar: 100 μm. (g) Quantification of immunofluorescence images from (f). Percentage of BACE1 immunopositive areas (f). Data are presented as means ± SEMs (d, e and g) [Sham-WT mice (n = 6), Cast-WT mice (n = 7), Sham-App mice (n = 3), and Cast-App mice (n = 7–8); three sections quantified per mouse]. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. The original Article has been corrected.