Correlation between serum matrix metalloproteinase and antigenemia levels in patients infected with rotavirus

Rotavirus (RV) antigenemia has been reported in patients with gastroenteritis; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. In order to elucidate the mechanism of RV antigenemia, an association between RV antigenemia and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were analyzed. The object of this study was to elucidate the role of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the pathogenesis of RV antigenemia. Forty children admitted to hospital with RV gastroenteritis were enrolled in this study. Paired serum samples were collected at the time of admission and discharge. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect serum concentrations of viral antigens, MMP-1, -2, -9, -13, TIMP -1, and -2. Cytokines were measured using flow cytometric beads array. RV antigens were significantly higher in serum collected at the time of admission than discharge (P<0.001). MMP-9 concentrations were significantly higher in serum collected at the time of admission than discharge (P<0.001). MMP-2 concentrations were significantly lower in serum collected at the time of admission than discharge (P<0.001). A weak but a significantly positive association (P=0.034) was observed between RV antigen and MMP-9 in serum collected at the time of admission, and inverse association was observed between RV antigen and MMP-2. In addition, a weak but significantly positive association (P=0.002) was observed between IL-6 and MMP-9. These data suggest that MMPs may contribute to the pathogenesis of RV antigenemia.