TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of supermirror hard X-ray telescope and the results of the first InFOCuS flight observation
AU - Ogasaka, Yasushi
AU - Tamura, Keisuke
AU - Okajima, Takashi
AU - Tawara, Yuzuru
AU - Yamashita, Koujun
AU - Furuzawa, Akihiro
AU - Haga, Kazutoshi
AU - Ichimaru, Satoshi
AU - Takahashi, Seiji
AU - Fukuda, Shin'ichi
AU - Kito, Hideo
AU - Goto, Arifumi
AU - Kato, Seima
AU - Satake, Hiroyuki
AU - Nomoto, Kentaro
AU - Hamada, Noriyuki
AU - Serlemitsos, Peter J.
AU - Tueller, Jack
AU - Soong, Yang
AU - Chan, Kai Win
AU - Owens, Scott M.
AU - Berendse, Fred B.
AU - Krimm, Hans A.
AU - Baumgartner, Wayne
AU - Barthelmy, Scott D.
AU - Kunieda, Hideyo
AU - Misaki, Kazutami
AU - Shibata, Ryo
AU - Mori, Hideyuki
AU - Itoh, Kei
AU - Namba, Yoshiharu
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - The development of hard X-ray focusing optics is widely recognized as one of key technologies for future X-ray observatory missions such as NeXT(Japan), Constellation-X(US) and possibly XEUS(Europe). We have developed hard X-ray telescope employing depth-graded multilayers, so-called supermirrors. Its benefit is to reflect hard X-rays by Bragg reflection at incidence angles larger than the critical angle of total external reflection. InFOCμS is an international balloon-borne hard X-ray observation experiment initiated by NASA/GSFC. InFOCμS hard X-ray telescope has been jointly developed by Nagoya University and GSFC. The telescope is conical approximation of Wolter-I optics with 8 m focal length and 40 cm diameter. It consists of 255 nested ultra-thin reflector pairs with incidence angles of 0.10 to 0.36 deg. Reflectors are coated with Pt/C supermirrors with periodic length of 2.9 to 13 nm and bi-layer number of 25 to 65, depending on incidence angles. The effective area and imaging quality are expected as 100 cm2 at 30 keV and 2 arcmin in Half Power Diameter, respectively. The InFOCμS experiment was launched on July 5, 2001, from National Scientific Balloon Facility in Texas, USA. We successfully observed Cyg X-1, chosen for a calibration target, in 20-40 keV energy band. We are planning to carry out next flight for scientific observations as soon as additional telescopes, detectors, and upgraded gondola system are implemented.
AB - The development of hard X-ray focusing optics is widely recognized as one of key technologies for future X-ray observatory missions such as NeXT(Japan), Constellation-X(US) and possibly XEUS(Europe). We have developed hard X-ray telescope employing depth-graded multilayers, so-called supermirrors. Its benefit is to reflect hard X-rays by Bragg reflection at incidence angles larger than the critical angle of total external reflection. InFOCμS is an international balloon-borne hard X-ray observation experiment initiated by NASA/GSFC. InFOCμS hard X-ray telescope has been jointly developed by Nagoya University and GSFC. The telescope is conical approximation of Wolter-I optics with 8 m focal length and 40 cm diameter. It consists of 255 nested ultra-thin reflector pairs with incidence angles of 0.10 to 0.36 deg. Reflectors are coated with Pt/C supermirrors with periodic length of 2.9 to 13 nm and bi-layer number of 25 to 65, depending on incidence angles. The effective area and imaging quality are expected as 100 cm2 at 30 keV and 2 arcmin in Half Power Diameter, respectively. The InFOCμS experiment was launched on July 5, 2001, from National Scientific Balloon Facility in Texas, USA. We successfully observed Cyg X-1, chosen for a calibration target, in 20-40 keV energy band. We are planning to carry out next flight for scientific observations as soon as additional telescopes, detectors, and upgraded gondola system are implemented.
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U2 - 10.1117/12.461531
DO - 10.1117/12.461531
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:0037619262
SN - 0277-786X
VL - 4851
SP - 619
EP - 630
JO - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
IS - 1
T2 - X-ray and Gamma-Ray telescopes and Instruments for Astronomy
Y2 - 24 August 2002 through 28 August 2002
ER -