Dietary vegetable intake is inversely associated with ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) DNA methylation levels among Japanese women

Objective: Dietary intake of vegetables is one of the key lifestyle factors associated with preventing cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although previous studies have provided evidence that dietary factors can alter global DNA methylation levels in humans, little work has been conducted on dietary factors influencing methylation levels of specific genes associated with CVD. The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary intake of vegetables was associated with adenosine triphosphate-binding membrane cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) DNA methylation levels in leukocytes in a Japanese population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 279 Japanese adults (125 men, 154 women) without any clinical history of cancer, stroke, or ischemic heart disease. ABCA1 DNA methylation levels in leukocytes were measured using a pyrosequencing method. Information on dietary vegetable intake was obtained from the validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: Mean ABCA1 DNA methylation levels in men and women were 35.6% ± 6.5% and 36.9% ± 6.7%, respectively. In women, multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the highest intake group for dietary vegetable intake (carrot, broccoli, pumpkin, and all vegetables) showed significantly lower levels of ABCA1 DNA methylation than the lowest intake group (P = 0.04, <0.001, 0.001, and 0.02, respectively). No significant association was observed between dietary intake of vegetables and DNA methylation levels in men. Conclusions: High dietary intake of vegetables was associated with decreased ABCA1 DNA methylation levels in Japanese women. This may contribute to a better understanding of the protective effects of dietary vegetable intake on CVD.