Efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r against malignancies in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (Pdox) murine models

 We developed tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) A1-R, a facultative anaerobe that is an auxotroph of leucine and arginine. The tumor-targeting e cacy of S. typhimurium A1-R was demonstrated in vivo and vitro using several malignant cell lines including melanoma, sarcoma, glioma, breast, pancreatic, colon, cervical, prostate, and ovarian cancers. Our laboratory also developed a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model by implanting patient-derived malignant tumor fragments into orthotopic sites in mice. We reviewed studies of S. typhimurium A1-R against recalcitrant cancers. S. typhimurium A1-R was e ective against all PDOX tumor models tested and showed stronger e cacies than chemotherapy or molecular-targeting therapy against some tumors. Furthermore, the synergistic e cacy of S. typhimurium A1-R when combined with chemotherapeutic agents, molecular-targeting agents, or recombinant methioninase was also demonstrated. We suggest potential clinical uses of this S. typhimurium A1-R treatment.