Evaluation of genetic factors involved in nocturnal electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in twins

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess sleep bruxism events by directly recording electromyographic activity during sleep and to reveal the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors involved in sleep bruxism in twins. Material and methods: The subjects consisted of 108 twins (mean age 22.2 ± 6.4 years). Electromyographic activity of temporalis muscles during sleep was evaluated using a portable automatic sleep bruxism analyzer (Grindcare 3.0, Medotech A/S), and recordings were carried out for at least three consecutive nights. Quantitative genetic statistics based on structural equation modeling was utilized to estimate variance components. Results: Monozygotic twin-pair correlation for the number of nocturnal electromyographic activities recorded in this study (r = 0.463, P = 0.009) was higher than dizygotic twin-pair correlation (r = 0.103, P = 0.725). The proportion of total phenotypic variance in the liability of sleep bruxism to attribute to genetic influences, related to the electromyographic activities, was 48 % (95 % CI 17–95 %) and to unique environmental influences was 52 % (95 % CI 28–82 %). Conclusions: Additive genetic effects may be a contributing factor to the occurrence of nocturnal EMG activity associated with sleep bruxism. Clinical relevance: A greater understanding of the contribution of genetic factors could have beneficial uses, including enhanced accuracy of sleep bruxism diagnosis, management of sleep bruxism, and enhanced estimation of the prognosis for patients suffering from sleep bruxism. In addition, it could be also important to adequately evaluate the environmental factors in patients with sleep bruxism.