TY - JOUR
T1 - In vitro study of possible microbial indicators for drowning
T2 - Salinity and types of bacterioplankton proliferating in blood
AU - Kakizaki, Eiji
AU - Kozawa, Shuji
AU - Matsuda, Hirokazu
AU - Muraoka, Eri
AU - Uchiyama, Taketo
AU - Sakai, Masahiro
AU - Yukawa, Nobuhiro
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Professor Tetsuya Hayashi (Division of Bioenvironmental Science, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki) for the use of equipment at his laboratory. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (No. 20590682 ) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan .
PY - 2011/1/30
Y1 - 2011/1/30
N2 - Numbers and types of bacterioplankton proliferating in blood samples mixed with water of various salinity levels were examined to determine the characteristics of species associated with salinity. Water samples (total n = 88) were collected from the midstream of two rivers (freshwater; n = 10; salinity <0.05%), from around their estuaries (areas of freshwater, n = 20, salinity <0.05%; areas of brackish water, n = 20, salinity <0.05-3.1%; areas of marine water beyond the mouths of the rivers, n = 28, salinity 2.4-3.3%), and from the coast (areas of marine water; n = 10; salinity 3.3-3.5%). Freshwater bacteria were identified in 41 of 42 blood samples mixed with water at ≤1.3% salinity, and the genus Aeromonas, which is universally distributed in freshwater environments, was predominant. Marine bacteria were identified in all of 46 blood samples mixed with water at ≥1.8% salinity, and most comprised the genera Vibrio and Photobacterium that are universally distributed in seawater environments. Aeromonas was undetectable in all blood samples mixed with brackish or sea water at ≥1.8% salinity although they are detectable even in seawater environments. Thus, the present results showed that bacterioplankton capable of proliferating in human blood reflects the salinity of water.
AB - Numbers and types of bacterioplankton proliferating in blood samples mixed with water of various salinity levels were examined to determine the characteristics of species associated with salinity. Water samples (total n = 88) were collected from the midstream of two rivers (freshwater; n = 10; salinity <0.05%), from around their estuaries (areas of freshwater, n = 20, salinity <0.05%; areas of brackish water, n = 20, salinity <0.05-3.1%; areas of marine water beyond the mouths of the rivers, n = 28, salinity 2.4-3.3%), and from the coast (areas of marine water; n = 10; salinity 3.3-3.5%). Freshwater bacteria were identified in 41 of 42 blood samples mixed with water at ≤1.3% salinity, and the genus Aeromonas, which is universally distributed in freshwater environments, was predominant. Marine bacteria were identified in all of 46 blood samples mixed with water at ≥1.8% salinity, and most comprised the genera Vibrio and Photobacterium that are universally distributed in seawater environments. Aeromonas was undetectable in all blood samples mixed with brackish or sea water at ≥1.8% salinity although they are detectable even in seawater environments. Thus, the present results showed that bacterioplankton capable of proliferating in human blood reflects the salinity of water.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.05.006
DO - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.05.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 20554407
AN - SCOPUS:78650893919
SN - 0379-0738
VL - 204
SP - 80
EP - 87
JO - Forensic science international
JF - Forensic science international
IS - 1-3
ER -