Regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing by hnRNP A1 and splicing factor SF2

When messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) containing alternative 5′ splice sites are spliced in vitro, the relative concentrations of the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 and the essential splicing factor SF2 precisely determine which 5′ splice site is selected. In general, an excess of hnRNP A1 favors distal 5′ splice sites, whereas an excess of SF2 results in utilization of proximal 5′ splice sites. The regulation of these antagonistic activities may play an important role in the tissue-specific and developmental control of gene expression by alternative splicing.