Severe kyphoscoliosis associated with osteomalacia

Background context: Kyphoscoliosis is one of the most frequent complications of osteomalacia, which only rarely results in severe deformity requiring surgery. To the best of our knowledge, there has been only one previous report of a spinal deformity as a complication of osteomalacia that was sufficiently severe so as to require surgical treatment. Purpose: To report here the case of a 27-year-old woman who experienced back pain of gradual onset accompanied by progressive scoliosis resulting in severe dyspnea. Study design: A case report. Methods: She was diagnosed with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. She underwent posterior surgical correction and fusion from Th4-L1 using the ISOLA spinal system. Results: At the last follow-up (3 year and 9 months postoperatively), her body balance was good and the dyspnea had disappeared. Plain radiographs demonstrated no loss of correction and also showed no evidence of instrumentation failure. Conclusions: We present a unique instance of a young woman with severe kyphoscoliosis who underwent posterior surgical correction/fusion with spinal instrumentation.