Timing and motivation behind the decision to become a surgeon: Gender and optimal recruitment insights

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the timing and motivations behind decisions to pursue a surgical career and identify optimal recruitment strategies. Methods: A nationwide questionnaire was administered to newly certified surgical trainees. Respondents were classified into two groups based on when they decided to pursue surgery: before junior residency (BJR) or during/after junior residency (DJR). The backgrounds and motivations were compared. Results: Among the 758 respondents (53.8%), 25.6% were female. Male trainees were more likely to decide to pursue surgery before medical school (18.7% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.003), whereas female trainees more often decided during their PGY-2 (35.4% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.002). The DJR group included more women (30.3% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.014) and residents from urban areas (46.6% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.008). The BJR group was more influenced by the images of surgeons and family. Among female residents, those in the DJR group were more influenced by recruitment from the surgeons. Conclusions: This study demonstrated sex differences in the timing and motivation for pursuing a surgical career. Understanding the optimal timing and appealing factors for recruiting surgeons, particularly women, could inform more effective recruitment strategies.